05044006, 06260222, and 07102010) to Matsuzawa and a Visiting Research Scholarship to Iversen. ![]() ' The present study was supported by grants from the Ministry of Education. Because it is new, the training method is outlined in general here and in more detail under Method. Here we briefly describe some highlights of an automated training method of electronic finger painting that established accurate visual guidance of free drawing in two adult female chimpanzees Our approach is based on principles of behavior shaping by successive approximation (e.g., Eckerman, Hienz, Stem, & Kowlowitz, 1980, Gleeson, 1991) and methods of moment-tomoment behavior analysis (Iversen, 1991). No previous study has demonstrated that an ape can be taught to draw reliably in a controlled manner. Captive apes are known to draw with markers or paint brushes However, the drawings are mere scribbles, with only occasional evidence of visually guided drawing (Boysen, Bemtson, & Prentice, 1987 Morris, 1962 Schiller, 1951 Smith, 1973). Key words: chimpanzee, drawing, electronic finger painting, successive approximation, behavior shaping. Our results provide clear evidence that with training the chimpanzee is capable of structured drawing guided by visual commands. The fully automated training and recording methods generated highly accurate drawing behavior that could be measured quantitatively. The subjects were not drawing by tracking a moving object but were truly free drawing. Thereby the dot orientations guided the drawing. Each subject drew a line connecting the dots by placing a finger on one dot and moving the finger, without lifting, to the next dot. ![]() After smooth drawing was established, two small dots, 12 cm apart, appeared on the monitor in different orientations. As the circles were moved closer and overlapped, the subjects began to connect them without lifting the finger. Drawing was taught in several steps, beginning with pressing separate small circles one at a time. Because a touch instantaneously generated electronic ink in the form of a graphic symbol at the touched location, movement of the finger over the monitor surface produced a visible trace. Subjects faced a touch-sensitive monitor. Visually guided drawing in the chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ) Visually guided drawing in the chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes )Ībstract: Two captive, female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) were taught to draw straight lines with a method of electronic finger painting. Any further questions regarding the Pikbest License, please feel free to send an email to. For Full Edition of Pikbest License Agreement, please click here to the Pikbest License page. →You cannot use “For Reference Only” content in any manner that entails advertising, marketing or commercialization of any product or service. ![]() →You cannot imply that the content is created or claimed to be the copyright of the artwork by you or someone other than the copyright holder of the Pikbest content. →You can only use an Item for lawful purposes. You can’t claim trademark or service mark rights over an Item within the End Product created using that Item. →You cannot use the content in the Pikbest Content (totally or partially) in any trademark, logo or part of the same. →You cannot use the content in the Pikbest Content in printed or electronic items aimed to be resold. →You cannot resell, redistribute, access, share or transfer Pikbest Content. While privileges are different upon different user types, there are some restrictions which are applicable to all Pikbest users. The Pikbest Authorization differs upon different situations. ![]() Pikbest authorizes the User in a non-transferable, non-exclusive manner and on a worldwide basis for the duration of the relevant rights to download, use and modify the Pikbest Content, as expressly permitted by the applicable license and subject to this document.
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